gdp's Comments

World In Conversation : Week 6 – Lesson 10: Stages of Racial Identity – People of Color: Stages 1-4

Thu, 23 Jun 2011 01:58:00 +0000

That is a pretty interesting story, and I’m glad you had the courage to share it. I have heard the same thing from a lot of people and I just can’t imagine being the parent in that situation. I also agree that we should take this “study” with a big grain of salt, for the reasons you mentioned. It just isn’t possible for us to know why exactly these kids chose the white or black doll, or whether it was race-related or something else. There was a mention of a scientific study but I still think that could be left up to some interpretation. However, regardless of whether the results in the video were scientific, I still tend to believe that they are mostly accurate.

World In Conversation : Week 6 – Lesson 10: Stages of Racial Identity – People of Color: Stages 1-4

Thu, 23 Jun 2011 01:52:49 +0000

Interesting lectures today for many reasons. I can’t believe the responses of the black children to the doll test in “A Girl Like Me.” I wasn’t aware at all of this phenomenon. For some reason I just assumed that all children would choose the doll that looked physically similar to them. For that not to be the case with the black children means that these problems with race are much deeper than I ever imagined. So I guess it’s really true that black children are made aware of race at a much earlier age than white children, which is saddening. I didn’t recognize race for a really long time growing up, and even when it became apparent to me it didn’t have any sort of good/bad value judgment attached to it, which unfortunately doesn’t seem to be the case for the kids in the video. Second, I was interested by Richards’ discussion of homophobia among blacks. I’ve definitely heard of this stereotype before – I work in politics, and this is something that a lot of people in my field are aware of. In the 2008 general election, Barack Obama won both California and Florida. However, at the same time, anti-gay marriage amendments were passed into law in both states by statewide referendums. A lot of people wondered how a state could vote for both the Democratic presidential candidate and for a “conservative” amendment banning gay marriage. Many Democrats blamed blacks for this apparent discrepancy. Most polls showed that while most non-black registered Democrats voted for Obama and against the amendments, a majority of blacks voted for Obama and for the amendments. So this is definitely a source of tension within the Democratic Party, because while the party platform is in strongly favor of expanding gay rights, it seems that most blacks (who tend to vote for Democrats about 95% of the time) don’t support that goal. Also, I’m glad that Richards discussed HBCs and HCUs. Growing up in Daytona Beach, Florida, I was always aware of Bethune-Cookman College, but I never really knew how an HBC like that came into existence or what the function of it was. Honestly, my only conception of these places was from the movie Road Trip, when the main characters (all white guys) visited an all-black fraternity at a black college. Now that more minorities have been accepted into traditional universities (compared to historical percentages) I can see how these colleges would have some difficulty staying relevant, so it’s no surprise to me that they are apparently recruiting in white communities now. But at the same time I don’t think they’ll ever disappear completely. They have too much history, and with their alumni bases, I’d imagine lots of people would be upset if the school that they got their degree from closed down.

World In Conversation : Week 5 – Lesson 9: Stages of Racial Identity – White People: Stages 3 & 4

Sun, 19 Jun 2011 04:50:41 +0000

I have never heard of this before, either side of it. Total surprise to me as a white person. Personally I used bar soap when I was a kid, and when I finally figured out how gross and unsanitary that seemed, I switched to gel body wash. Never really used a washcloth at all, so file me under the wet dog category I guess. It’s probably just a parental thing, right? Do you remember how you got started using a washcloth? I don’t think my parents ever mentioned it, so I’m guessing that’s why I never used one. I just wonder how it got started and how it developed so that it’s apparently such a segregated thing now.

World In Conversation : Week 5 – Lesson 9: Stages of Racial Identity – White People: Stages 3 & 4

Sun, 19 Jun 2011 04:46:52 +0000

“Guilt” was an important part of these lectures and I’m glad Prof. Richards discussed this topic. I think it’s inevitable that white people will feel guilty if they have any type of conscience. I’ve talked to a few people who originally did not feel any guilt whatsoever, but once you explain that even though they aren’t personally responsible for historical repression of blacks, they’ve still benefitted from it as a group, they feel it too. We all have to realize this. The guilt that goes along with it can be complicated, and it shouldn’t be used to “get back at” white people or anything like that, since we’re not the ones that did anything wrong, even though we indirectly benefited from it. I’m definitely not opposed to some social programs that recognize all of these facts and attempt to correct these injustices. I like that Richards also talked about how difficult it can be to “prove” your race credentials to someone else, like the example of the woman who called him out. As a white person, I can take all the race or sociology courses there are to take, and learn as much as I can on the historical injustices done to other races by whites -- but still, there’s the possibility that I could interact with someone who is going to view what I’m doing negatively. I guess you can’t let it discourage you, just because one member of a group looks down on what you’re trying to do, just like you can’t make an assumption about a whole group because you see one member of that group doing something wrong. It reminds me of when I’ve traveled in a foreign country. Sometimes I’ve tried to speak Spanish or French. Some people appreciate the gesture that I’m trying to communicate in their native tongue, while others may frown or make fun of me. But just like Richards, I’m going to keep doing it, because I like it, it helps me learn, and I think it’s the respectful thing to do when you’re in someone else’s country. The part about the “Prussian Blue” girls makes me sad more than angry. I feel like when you have someone that is that far gone, even at such a young age, there’s little that can be done. The parents should be ashamed for their views, of course, but I guess when you look at it a certain way, they’re really just doing what all parents do: indoctrinating their children with their own views. How many young kids actually choose for themselves to become involved with a certain church or cheer for a sports team? Most of the time it’s the parental influence. Hopefully these girls will go to college and get themselves right.

World In Conversation : Week 5 – Lesson 8: Stages of Racial Identity – White People: Stages 1 & 2

Thu, 16 Jun 2011 02:39:36 +0000

No doubt about what you said – these stereotypes exist. Check out this video advertisement being run in a California special election for Congress right now: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bv_WG0v_kO0. This is the kind of ad that just leaves me speechless. So, count all the stereotypes here. The black people are gangbangers and criminals who just want money to buy guns and spend frivolously. The woman in the ad (the Democrat who the ad is attacking) is portrayed as an exotic dancer who owes money to the black guys (her pimps?). She is also “ignorant” like a white person because she wants to give public funds to gang members, despite the fact that they’ll just use it on illegal activities. Really disgusting that these stereotypes still exist.

World In Conversation : Week 5 – Lesson 8: Stages of Racial Identity – White People: Stages 1 & 2

Thu, 16 Jun 2011 02:28:03 +0000

I liked the discussion of majority vs. minority and how this concept affects the way people think about themselves and others. It’s a really useful way to think about race relations and helps me understand people better. However, Prof. Richards made it clear through his anecdotes about height and disability that this concept doesn’t necessarily just apply to race. There’s a huge range of ways that people can be defined. For example, my wife and I have pretty much made up our minds against ever having children. We don’t have anything against kids; we just have personal reasons for not wanting any. Anyway, this is somewhat uncommon, so I’d say we are in the minority. And you know what? This majority/minority principle definitely applies. I do think about this issue more because I know that most other people probably feel differently. I would say that not wanting kids defines me more than wanting kids defines a “normal” person. On some issues, when you are in the minority, it seems to me like you define yourself more by what you aren’t than what you are. It’s also important to understand how a person’s experiences affect them. There’s this concept I learned about in my political science classes (although it probably applies to many different fields) about how people see the world. Basically, different people live in different existences based on their own personal experiences. It sounds like common sense, but it’s really powerful. The “filter” of a person’s experiences helps them make sense of the world and obstructs their understanding of things. It helps explain why a white person would not think about race at all while a black person becomes aware of it at a very young age. If you are a white person who grows up in a “normal” middle-class white town, there’s just no way you’re going to have the same understanding of race as a black person of the same age. It just isn’t a part of your life in the same way as it is for a minority. It isn’t really anyone’s fault, unless you deliberately shield your eyes to it, but it is a palpable obstruction that you have to work to overcome. I think this is why so many people (myself included) feel uncomfortable around people with “special needs” or mental health issues. For most of us, we grow up not dealing with anyone like that on a daily basis, since the percentage of people who suffer from something like that is so small. We never really get the experience dealing with them or understanding them, so when we meet someone like that later in life in a public setting, we sort of just avoid it to preserve our comfort level. It’s just like how white people default to political correctness when dealing with race issues. All these concepts we’re learning about don’t just apply to race. They are just ways that people deal with “difference”, and race is just one example of what makes people different.

World In Conversation : Week 4 – Lesson 6: Race and Ethnic Inequality

Wed, 8 Jun 2011 03:04:43 +0000

It may seem farfetched, but I can definitely see how something as simple as the G.I. Bill could have such a long-lasting impact on race relations. That’s how important the G.I. Bill was in American history. Before the G.I. Bill I don’t think there was really the kind of strong middle class in the U.S. that now is such an important feature of American life. The G.I. Bill was instrumental in creating that middle class, it laid the groundwork for a lot of things that we take for granted. It’s true that part of its impact was felt in educational incentives, which Dr. Richards did not really talk about, but home loans were also a pretty important part of it. (Also, I’d be willing to bet that blacks didn’t exactly get a fair shake when it came to the educational provisions, either.) If blacks had been given the same opportunity as whites, certainly they would be better off as a group than they currently are – just how blacks today would be in better shape if their ancestors had been paid for their labor instead of being enslaved in the 18th and 19th centuries.

World In Conversation : Week 4 – Lesson 6: Race and Ethnic Inequality

Wed, 8 Jun 2011 02:51:30 +0000

I found these lectures to be very convincing. I’ve thought about these issues before but never really been in favor of taking action to rectify the historical damage done by whites to blacks and other minorities. But it’s pretty hard to hold on to that position after watching these lectures. In order for this whole idea of “America” to make sense, we need to maximize the amount of opportunity that each person has. That means trying to create an equal starting point. And while today it may be easy for us younger people to assume that everything has been worked out, these lectures make clear the fact that historical injustices still impact our society. For all these reasons, I think some sort of continued affirmative action is necessary, if only as a gesture to recognize the huge amounts of opportunity that have been taken from minorities throughout U.S. history. The information about the criminal justice system was upsetting to me. I’ve always thought that it sounded sort of “radical” for people to say that the U.S. system is racist, but with the sorts of statistics that Dr. Richards presented, it’s difficult to reach any other conclusion. Unfortunately the problem appears to be larger than any one individual person, so it isn’t as easy as just finding some racist judge and chasing them off the bench. Clearly, there are some huge systemic problems in our system of law and order that unfairly stack the deck against minorities. Some of the difference can be attributed to individual reasons, but there’s just no good way to explain some of these numbers, except to say that racism is alive and well. Yes, in theory, everyone is treated equal and justice is blind. But it seems like in the streets, where most people interact with the justice system, it’s an entirely different matter. It’s sadly ironic in a way, considering how the legal system has historically been a safe haven for minorities who have had their rights denied to them by local or state officials. Lastly, the way that the criminal justice system has hardened in recent years just makes no sense to me. In my opinion, we should be spending more resources trying to rehabilitate, and less resources convicting non-violent offenders. Society doesn’t benefit by throwing the book at people who could be rehabilitated and returned to society if we just tried. Rehabilitation is impossible for some criminals, I’m sure, and we should keep them away from the rest of society, but I just refuse to believe that everyone who is currently locked up deserves the harsh treatment that they usually receive. There is no benefit to U.S. society at-large if we create a permanent underclass of individuals who are completely defined by their prison experiences. And given the way that minorities make up such a large percentage of the prison population, this has disproportionately affected them.

World In Conversation : Week 3 – Lesson 5: Social Inequality

Sun, 5 Jun 2011 14:34:15 +0000

Thanks for your comment. Good point about the African players too. Soccer/football is truly the world game so I think it's the best one to analyze, and clearly, top players come from all over the world without regard to race. Some nations are underrepresented but that's probably just because the sport isn't popular there yet. Look at countries in Asia -- South Korea or Japan, for example, where the sport is relatively new, now are starting to produce world-class players. Back to the socioeconomic argument, there's always someone like Pique who comes from a really wealthy family, but generally it seems like most of the world's best were not rich growing up. (By the way, Pique probably played the sport as often as anyone when he was growing up. His grandfather was a vice-president of FCB, so Pique probably had lots of pressure on him from a young age to succeed.)

World In Conversation : Week 3 – Lesson 5: Social Inequality

Sat, 4 Jun 2011 02:27:57 +0000

Agree about the Oprah clip. It’s no surprise that our society has so much inequality when watching something like that. When one kid spends 12 years in lousy school and another spends 12 years in a fabulous school, how is that unfairness supposed to be made up? In most cases, it just never happens. Generally, to be successful, a graduate from the lousy school system has to be spectacular and lucky, while a graduate from the great school system can just be average. Under those circumstances, the status quo just stays the same. Personally, I consider myself lucky because of my mother. She grew up in a tenement in New York City. She was the first in her family to get a bachelor’s degree, and then she went ahead and got a master’s and a law degree as well. She passed her intelligence on to me, and while we’ve never been anything above middle class, we’ve always put a priority on education and hard work. If not for her, we’d probably still be poor.

World In Conversation : Week 3 – Lesson 5: Social Inequality

Sat, 4 Jun 2011 02:14:16 +0000

Lots of key points in the lectures today. Dr. Richards’ discussion of why some races seem to do disproportionately well in some sports was really interesting to me. I’ve talked about this issue a lot with friends and basically tried to convince them of this point of view. Biological imperatives are clearly important in some cases but there are many sports where sociological factors are predominant. It doesn’t always have to be tied to race, either – it could be national origin or socioeconomic status. In Major League Baseball, the highest percentage of players come from the U.S., of course. But a close second is the Dominican Republic, even though it has only about 1/30th of the population of the U.S. Many books have been written to figure out how this could be so, but the answer is pretty easy, and it isn’t because Dominicans tend to be of African ancestry or some other nonsense race reason. First, baseball is the most popular sport there. Everyone plays it, it’s a national obsession, so young people there get a lot of practice growing up. Generally, kids from the D.R. don’t spend nearly as much time in school as U.S. schoolchildren – they play baseball instead. All those hours we American students spent in school from K-12, these kids were outside, honing their skills. Also, the D.R. is a relatively impoverished country, so many young people feel like the only way to be successful is to become a professional ball-player. The end result? The vast majority of these would-be ballplayers flame out, and have basically nothing to fall back on, so they stay poor, hurting the country as a whole. But many others succeed and make it to the big leagues, which is why so many of baseball’s biggest names are Dominican. The same thing goes for world soccer, in a different way. Instead of national origin being the determinative factor, it’s socioeconomic status. If you break it down, most of the world’s top players tend to come from lower-class backgrounds. For example, Cristiano Ronaldo and Wayne Rooney grew up in really rough neighborhoods. The same reasons I mentioned about the D.R. also apply. These lower-class kids tend to spend less time in school, preferring to play soccer all day. So they have a leg-up on U.S. soccer players, who are more likely to prioritize school over sports. After all, how many top world players are from the U.S.? I also found the clash between the two perspectives to be interesting. Of course it’s not impossible for someone who faces incredible obstacles outside of their control to be wildly successful. It happens all the time. But I think in U.S. society, too much emphasis is placed on the individual’s ability to pull themselves up. So many of the larger trends tend to reinforce the status quo. Even the quality of the hospital you get treated at will be dependent on how nice the neighborhood is around it. If you’re going to have a heart attack, it’s much better to have it in Manhattan than Brooklyn. Even Bill Gates was incredibly lucky. Malcolm Gladwell talks about this in his “Outliers” book. Gates had lots of individual characteristics that pointed him towards success, and he made great choices. But he also had the good fortune to luck into obtaining a computer when most other people his age had no access to one. Therefore he was able to start practicing and programming earlier than others in his generation, which gave him a huge leg-up on his future success. Maybe another kid from a less-privileged background, though as smart and driven as Gates, wouldn’t have had that opportunity, and therefore would not have been as successful.

World In Conversation : Week 3 – Lesson 4: Ethnocentrism

Thu, 2 Jun 2011 02:45:39 +0000

Yeah, it’s pretty easy to see how some people over there could have negative feelings towards the U.S. I remember reading several recent books about Iran and trying to get a grasp for what the country was really like. Since Iran is usually demonized in the Western press I wanted to try to get past that caricature. Once or twice, right when I thought I was getting a good feel for their politics, I would come across some completely outrageous anti-U.S. statement or action by a member of their military or government. In my confusion I emailed the book’s Iranian-American author, who was kind enough to email me back and try to clear things up. Turns out, what I had interpreted as something extremely negative and threatening from a key government official was actually just some powerless back-bench political hack throwing red meat to his conservative base right before an election. Of course, that sort of thing happens in the U.S. all the time, but if an outsider wasn’t in tune with the intricacies of our political system, they could easily get the wrong idea just as I did. The comments in the lecture made by Palin, Bush, or that general are probably harmless but likely seem much worse to an outside audience.

World In Conversation : Week 3 – Lesson 4: Ethnocentrism

Thu, 2 Jun 2011 02:33:27 +0000

Interesting lectures today, especially the one on ethnocentrism. I really enjoy traveling, and whenever I visit a new place I try to learn about and experience the local culture instead of just sightseeing. Sometimes I have seen some weird stuff. In the lecture I liked how Prof. Richards talked about cultural relativism, but I wish he had taken that discussion a bit further. This is an issue I’ve struggled with, balancing between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. He said in the lecture that everyone has a line that they won’t cross, but how do you identify it? How do you distinguish when a foreign cultural practice goes “too far” – simply when it clashes with your values? But do those values translate across cultural lines, are they “universal”, or are they just your own and therefore somewhat ethnocentric? It’s tough to know. Anyway, ethnocentrism is a problem around the world. It’s hard to overcome because most people rely on third-party sources to get their information. But it probably has to be that way, right? If every person had the time and resources to travel extensively in the Middle East, people in the U.S. would probably have a more positive outlook towards Arabs and Muslims. Most people don’t have that luxury, however, since they have more mundane things to worry about in their daily lives. Therefore, if most people in the world’s richest country can’t afford to travel that way, imagine how difficult it must be in a poorer society. Some people around the world hardly even leave their hometown, and perhaps don’t have access to the internet, so whatever they know about Americans is almost certainly distorted. It’s easy to understand why ethnocentrism is unfortunately so powerful and resilient. I’ve visited several “Muslim” countries and still probably know less about their culture than a two-year-old who was born there. I think that overcoming ethnocentrism and xenophobia requires a person to adopt a certain outlook. In some ways it’s about trust. When I went to Egypt, I looked into getting a private tour guide since I had never been there before. The one I selected seemed completely legit. They had a nice-looking website and were highly-rated on travel websites. I felt pretty good about it and looked forward to meeting my guide and driver. And yet when I got into their travel van in Alexandria, I couldn’t help but feel a little bit of ugly doubt creeping in. I wondered if I had made a mistake, if they were going to mess with me, all kinds of ridiculous ideas. And you know what? It was a phenomenal experience. If I ever got taken care of half as well on a tour in the U.S., I don’t remember it. I try to remember that episode whenever I have negative thoughts about another group. You have to have some level of trust that other people who may seem different are still human in the most fundamental way.

World In Conversation : Week Two – Lesson 2: Intro to Race

Tue, 24 May 2011 02:55:13 +0000

I think it's pretty amazing that the U.S. government can't really get its story straight when it comes to race. Just look at the U.S. Census. Over the history of the Census, there have been so many different categories for people to choose from when it comes to race/ancestry/ethnicity. Even today they insist on referring to a person's “race” even though we know that race is just a social construct. It might be easier for us to break our addiction to the “race” concept if our own government would do a better job educating the public on what race is and isn't..

World In Conversation : Week Two – Lesson 2: Intro to Race

Tue, 24 May 2011 02:48:59 +0000

Great lectures this week. It's really important for people to understand that race really is just a social construct. Any power that race has over our lives is solely because of the emphasis we put on it ourselves. The skin color map makes this pretty clear. Sure, it is easy to identify someone from equatorial Africa as “black” and someone from Norway as “white”, but there are so many color combinations in between these two extremes that the idea of separate “races” is exposed as pure nonsense. I've found this a lot when discussing people who come from the Middle East. Most people I talk to have no problem identifying separate “white” and “black” races, but they never have a good answer for how to describe someone who is Middle Eastern. Are they white, black, some sort of mix? Usually, people will settle on some sort of separate catch-all “Middle Eastern” race that includes the many different Arabs, Jews, Muslims, Persians, and Christians that inhabit the area. I also liked the discussion about how some people often have a “black” or “white” ancestor in their family tree but aren't even aware of it. One of the students mentioned being from Sicily, where the inhabitants tend to be darker-skinned than the average Italian. Maybe a lot of people don't realize it, but Europe and Africa have a long history of mutual interaction, so this sort of thing shouldn't be surprising. The Moors of North Africa invaded Europe and held Spain for quite a long time. Europeans obviously have a history of colonization in Africa. So with this level of intense interaction, it is inevitable that some mixing will occur. People living in the south of Spain tend to be darker-skinned also; this is the area where the African Moors ruled. Knowing the history of these areas really helps to understand why they are the way they are today. Another thing that interested me was the map of the slave trade. It's really incredible how impactful the slave trade has been on our modern world. If you've ever been to the Caribbean, you know that the African influence there is pretty strong. In the U.S., about 11-12% of the population is African-American. And Brazil is the same – a huge segment of the population descends from Africa. Why? It's the influence of the African slaves who were imported to these places in such large numbers to work on sugar or tobacco farms. Just looking at that slave trade map tells you so much about what our world looks like today. Who knows how things would be different in our world if things hadn't played out that way. There probably wouldn't have been as much “mixing” in the Western Hemisphere, right?

World In Conversation : Week 1 – Lesson 1: "Whad'ya Know?"

Sat, 21 May 2011 20:59:54 +0000

For me, going to Arlington National Cemetery was a pretty powerful way to internalize what you said about Arabs. If you've never been there, a headstone will usually have some sort of religious symbol on it, according to the religious beliefs of the soldier that is buried under it. So, my grandfather's headstone has the Christian cross on it, along with his name, date of service, etc. Just walking through the fields, it probably won't take you long until you find a headstone with an "Arab-sounding" name on it -- but with a cross instead of the crescent moon of Islam that you might expect to see. Pretty intense.

World In Conversation : Week 1 – Lesson 1: "Whad'ya Know?"

Sat, 21 May 2011 20:49:08 +0000

This was a pretty interesting way to begin the class. About 10 minutes into the lecture, my fiancee came in from the other room and started watching it with me. Apparently she had overheard the lecture and found it interesting enough to want to watch the whole thing, so it was a nice little experience we shared together. For the quiz, I was pleased that I answered 11 out of the 18 questions correctly. My day job is in politics, so I spend a lot of time thinking about how race and ethnicity affect demographics, and how to use demographics as a means to an electoral end. So for example, I've run across the German-American ethnicity statistic before – in my free time I'll sometimes study U.S. census maps of ethnicity or lineage. It's interesting when I discover that Brighton Beach in Brooklyn is called “Little Odessa” for the high percentage of Ukrainian/Russian immigrants that live there; or, closer to home, the huge percentages of Puerto Ricans that live near me in Osceola County and Orange County, Florida. We're moving to New York in July, so I've done a lot of research on the different neighborhoods, and it's interesting to see how they've changed since my parents lived there. Some places in Brooklyn and Queens which used to be mostly Irish or Greek are now Puerto Rican or Asian. Question 7, regarding the religious practices of Arab-Americans, was also interesting. I guessed 56%, which was obviously off, but somewhat close. It's a solid question because people need to understand that just like everything else that may be foreign to them, “Arabs” aren't just one uniform monolithic entity – in this case, the unfortunate Muslim stereotype. Several friends of mine plus our family doctor are all Egyptian Christians. When I was in Egypt two years ago, I noticed a number of churches and synagogues in addition to the mosques. So, what I'm saying is, most things that exist in this world have complicated identities, and in my opinion this complexity is what is interesting and unique. I loved traveling to Malta, an incredible little island: almost 100% of the population is Roman Catholic, but they speak Maltese, a language descended from Arabic. I think Maltese slightly beats Catalan as the language with the most unusual spelling patterns I've ever seen, so far. I was also intrigued by #11, which had to do with Jewish electoral success in American politics. For a class a while ago, I had to read a book on the experiences of different ethnic/racial groups in the U.S., and it talked a lot about how some groups are historically overrepresented in our society and others are underrepresented; in this case, Jews are clearly the former. Back to my own political experience, which I like to touch on a lot: in Florida, demographics are changing the main political parties in interesting ways. Jews have basically replaced non-Jew whites in the Florida Democratic Party, at least in those people who are actually elected to office. It used to be that white Christian (almost always male) Democrats completely dominated Florida politics. But now, these guys are gone, fled to the Republican Party. If you pick a Democratic state legislator from Florida at random, chances are they're either Jewish, or black. Anyway, this may be not the most interesting stuff for the average reader, but it is how I find myself relating to the subject matter in this course so far.

World In Conversation : SOC 119 ONLINE – Intense Debate Registration ID

Sat, 21 May 2011 20:06:26 +0000

Hello